Bio-Based Adhesives for Orthopedic Applications: Sources, Preparation, Characterization, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Bone fracture healing involves complex physiological processes that require biological events are well coordinated. In recent decades, the process of has been upheld through various treatments, including bone implants and bio-adhesive utilization. Bio-adhesion can be interpreted as in which synthetic or natural materials adhere to body surfaces. Bio-based adhesives have superiority many value-added applications because their biocompatibility, biodegradability, large molecular weight. The increased variety utilization bio-based with strong adhesion characteristics provide new possibilities field orthopedics terms using excellent resorbability, ease use, low immunoreactivity. aim this review is comprehensive information evaluation types used clinically a specific focus on application orthopedics. main properties adhesives, benefits, challenges compared traditional orthopedics, future perspectives field, also outlined discussed.